Tumor ganas yang berkembang di tenggorokan (faring), kotak suara (laring) atau tonsil adalah yang sering disebut sebagai kanker tenggorokan. Pengertian tenggorokan adalah tabung berotot yang dimulai di belakang hidung dan berakhir di leher.
Bagian yang paling rentan terhadap kanker tenggorokan adalah kotak Suara berada tepat di bawah tenggorokan. Kotak suara yang terbuat dari tulang rawan dan mengandung pita suara yang bergetar dapat mengeluarkan suara saat bicara. Kanker tenggorokan juga dapat mempengaruhi bagian tulang rawan (epiglotis) yang bertindak sebagai tutup untuk tenggorokan.
Kanker tonsil, bentuk lain dari kanker tenggorokan, mempengaruhi amandel, yang terletak di bagian belakang tenggorokan. Hal yang dapat mengurangi risiko kanker tenggorokan adalah dengan tidak mengunyah tembakau, tidak merokok, oral seks dan membatasi konsumsi alkohol.
Gejala kanker tenggorokan
Tanda dan gejala kanker tenggorokan termasuk:
1. batuk
2. perubahan pada suara, seperti suara serak
3. kesulitan menelan
4. nyeri telinga
5. sebuah benjolan atau sakit yang tidak sembuh-sembuh
6. sakit tenggorokan
7. penurunan berat badan
Penyebab kanker tenggorokan
Kanker tenggorokan terjadi ketika sel di tenggorokan mengalami mutasi genetik. Mutasi ini menyebabkan sel tumbuh tak terkendali dan terus hidup setelah sel-sel sehat mati. Sel-sel yang terakumulasi kemudian dapat membentuk tumor di tenggorokan.
Jenis kanker tenggorokan
Kanker tenggorokan adalah istilah umum yang berlaku untuk kanker yang berkembang di tenggorokan (kanker faring) atau kotak suara (laring kanker).
1. Kanker nasofaring dimulai pada nasofaring - bagian tenggorokan di belakang hidung.
2. Kanker oropharyngeal dimulai di orofaring - bagian tenggorokan tepat di belakang mulut yang mencakup amandel.
3. Kanker hypopharyngeal (kanker laryngopharyngeal) dimulai di hipofaring (laryngopharynx) - bagian bawah tenggorokan, tepat di atas kerongkongan dan tenggorokan.
4. Kanker glotis dimulai pada pita suara.
5. Kanker supraglotis dimulai di bagian atas laring dan termasuk kanker yang mempengaruhi epiglotis, yang merupakan bagian dari tulang rawan yang menghalangi makanan dari masuk ke tenggorokan.
6. Kanker subglottic dimulai di bagian bawah kotak suara, di bawah pita suara.
Saat ini kanker tenggorokan adalah jenis kanker yang umum terjadi. Bahkan bintang film kawakan Hollywood Michael Douglas pun menderitanya.So waspadalah dengan penyakit ini dengan mengenalinya lebih dini.
via. merdeka.com
10 Easy Steps to Succeed in Your Online Classes
Congratulations Youve made up our minds to pursue your upper schooling, and doing so online is how to pass if you have an interest in a versatile, studentcentered educating manner. Studying online permits you to pursue different pursuits and attend to different responsibilities whilst nonetheless operating your method towards some extent. However, it will now and again imply that its clean to get distracted. Here are 10 clean steps to verify luck on your online categories.
- Connect together with your instructors once conceivable. Even in case you are doing smartly within the category, its extraordinarily vital to increase a rapport together with your trainer. When you do that early on, you temporarily understand what the priorities are within the route, what expectancies the professor has of you and youre going to be motivated to prevail, surer of whats forward and higher ready to do smartly with the impending subject material.
Valuable questions to invite your trainer come with the next
How versatile are you with time limits How versatile are you with grownup freshmen What applied sciences do you employ within the route How to be had are you through e mail and different sorts of verbal exchange How do you put up an internet neighborhood and what are the expectancies for participation in it In addition, since instructors are to be had to lend a hand all over the classes, its all the time just right to have had private touch with the trainer early on. This method, when you wish to have lend a hand, its more straightforward to achieve out and get the help you wish to have.
- Confirm the technical necessities of the route. Online categories can also be very advisable for college kids with busy schedules, however provided that they are able to simply get right of entry to the fabrics. It is vital to obviously perceive what the technical necessities are. So, ahead of the route begins or as quickly thereafter as conceivable, youll want to test that your pc will paintings with the entire online equipment, and that you understand how to navigate them. This will be sure that you dont must spend time all the way through the route attempting to determine the generation.
three. Create a time table and stick with it. Quality online instructors create classes which might be clean to navigate and feature transparent expectancies. Having that roughly easytodealwith framework in position will make learning and succeeding that a lot more straightforward. However, although the framework and necessities of your category arent as transparent, youll create a time table and construction, which is able to very much fortify your probabilities of luck within the route. Using equipment equivalent to Google Calendar is a good way to start out. Knowing how your weeks and months glance and scheduling blocks of analysis time for each and every activity or module will will let you stick with a time table.
four. Ask questionsall the time. When you dont perceive, ask questions. When you do perceive, ask additional questions. Instructors recognize scholars who take part, and if theres a participation or dialogue part a part of the grade, then asking high quality questions is helping guarantee your grade on this space. Even if there isnt a participation part, its all the time helpful to invite inquiries to remember to perceive the fabric and are transparent on what is needed of you.
five. Be arrangedand keep arranged. Students whore taking conventional, campusbased classes most often have a constant time table to observe each and every week, through which study room instruction is adopted through assignments out of doors the category. However, for online classes, scholars will have to search out their very own techniques to stick on most sensible in their paintings. It is crucial that you just be arranged from the start of the semester with the intention to achieve success in an internet route. For instance mark task due dates on your calendar, discover a submitting machine for each online subject material and bodily subject material that is helping you stay monitor of the whole lot simply, and shed light on find out about schedules that duvet sections of the route one by one so youve got an arranged tactic to protecting the semesters subject material as you pass alongside.
- Have a blank, quiet, and constant workspace. One factor online and inclass classes have in not unusual is that scholars all the time want a spot to review or whole assignments this is blank, quiet, and constant. You can select the place that is for youwhether or not its at a espresso store, a college library, a devoted place of business, or at house. Wherever you select to review and whole assignments, you must make it a constant location that doesnt have out of doors distractions. It is basically key that where is quiet and lets you focal point in your paintings with out distractions.
- Do no longer procrastinate. Successful distance freshmen hardly procrastinate. They dont do away with assignments or wait till the final second to write down their papers. Successful online scholars experience freedoms that come with operating at their very own tempo and the facility to finish their paintings in as a lot time because it takes them. On the opposite hand, they know that finishing their assignments is best performed early and on time cramming merely doesnt paintings, and it doesnt will let you retain knowledge longterm. Get began early on getting a success.
eight. Work in your studying comprehension. Successful distance freshmen generally tend to have just right studying comprehension abilities. Most conventional, campusbased scholars concentrate to lectures and take notes, and a few online classes additionally require this. However, the vast majority of distance freshmen are anticipated to grasp subject material thru a large amount of studying. Although far finding out classes be offering video recordings and audio clips, maximum systems require scholars to hide and grasp a considerable amount of written knowledge. If it is a problem for you, it could be very useful to first sign up in a studying comprehension route there are lots of assets online that will help you do that. This ability by myself could make a huge distinction on your luck.
nine. Establish and admire routines that be just right for you. If, for instance, youre employed best within the morning or in brief bursts, then set find out about routines that can help you find out about within the prelunch hours when your mind is contemporary. If, then again, you do best through learning at evening or at the weekends when youll devote nightowl hours or longer blocks in your learning, then make it some degree to take action. Consider how and whilst you paintings best, and enforce a find out about plan that respects the routines that be just right for you.
- Connect together with your friends. Establishing sturdy connections with friends and professors is a very powerful facet of tutorial luck, in addition to skilled development. One of essentially the most rewarding reports in schooling is finding out thru collaboration. Forming significant relationships together with your friends and professors can can help you be told extra, keep motivated, and feature an outlet to specific your personal working out of subject material. So, keep attached thru message forums, chat rooms, e mail, and different digital assets. And take note lots of the other people you meet in faculty shall be conceivable process assets down the road so determine connections and keep in contact
Florida National University gives a wealth of tutorial and professional online classes. Check out the entire choicesyour long run is ready